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Environment Subsurface Techniques
One of the costly but
efficient ways to enrich the aquifers with water is through Injection
Wells. These are in-fact tubewells and during monsoon water is 'pumped
in' to recharge the aquifer. Use of abandoned tubewells is often
resorted to cut the costs of drilling etc. In these wells water is allowed to flow in through gravity only. In other words such wells are allowed to be filled with runoff water. This technique is more useful where aquifers are at up to 50 meters depth. Special care is taken to avoid clogging of the well due to escaping gases from the recharging water. Pits, Shafts and Dug Wells Pits and shafts are more
suitable for areas where an impervious layer is present at a shallow
depth. Dug wells on the other hand are useful both for alluvium and hard
rock country. In order to recharge these structures only pre-condition
is that water must be silt free. The pipe carrying water down to depths
of these structures has to be placed below the level of water table;
else the gases contained in water can choke the aquifer and defeat the
purpose. This method involves
drawing water from an aquifer hydraulically connected to a stream or
lake bed. Heavy pumping lowers the ground water level and a cone of
depression is formed in the aquifer. This causes water from the stream
or lake to rush in to the aquifer which can be then safely tapped at a
distance from the stream or lake. The method is however, suitable only
for alluvial country. July 16, 2006 Image courtesy CGWB Previous : Water
Harvesting: Let's Do It The Week of July 16, 2006
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The surface techniques
involve diverting water to surface structures that permit smooth
infiltration down to depths. On the other hand the subsurface techniques
use structures that reach up to aquifer level.
