Ulysses Grant was a good general but his presidency was marred by
corruption of his appointees. Both parties had legislators who accepted
bribes of money and stocks from railroads and robber barons. The
Republican party switched its allegiance to moneyed interests since then
and democrats have followed their example. Labor was exploited by people
like Carnegie and his henchmen and farmers were exploited by the
railroads charging exorbitant freight. The rich resources of the land
taken from the natives and the forced labor of the poor blacks and
whites (Irish, Italians and Polish) led to the gilded age of the gay
(happy) nineties. The inventive genius of the immigrant Americans led to
prosperity of relatively few Americans but the nation began overtaking
Great Britain as the largest economy in the world. Alfred Mahan, a smart
naval officer with a sound knowledge of military and naval history put
forth a plan to make America a great naval power. Britain forged an
empire due to its naval supremacy as had the Dutch, Spanish and
Portuguese before. Indian ships going to the Gulf for trade and Haj had
to pay a tribute to the Portuguese during the Moghul rule. British and
American pirates had looted Spanish ships in earlier centuries and the
sinking of the Spanish Armada brought victory to Elizabeth the first
over Spain’s Philip.
Theodore Roosevelt, a racist man itching to go to war was the vice
president of Mckinley. An American ship blew up in the harbor at Havana,
most likely by accident. William Randolph Hearst owning a chain of
newspapers accused the Spanish of sabotage and orchestrated the Spanish
American War that brought us the territories of Cuba, Puerto Rico and
Philippines. Remember the Judith Miller story and the belated apologies
by the New York Times and Washington Post about not investigating the
WMD lies that led to the current war in Iraq. Mckinley was just as
devout and ignorant as our current president. He stated that he had
spent the night in prayer and god had granted him the mission to
Christianize the Philippinos. A knowledgeable subordinate informed him
that the bulk of the Philippinos had been Catholics for over two
centuries. The genocidal attack on the Philippino freedom fighters
caused nearly hundred thousand deaths of men, women and children and
planted the seeds of the Muslim Moro insurgency which still plagues the
Southern Philippines.
Mckinley was assassinated by a loony anarchist and Teddy became the
president. He forcibly carved out the new country of Panama from
Colombia so he could build the Canal. America was the number one power
by this time and repeated military excursions to change legitimate
regimes all over Central and South America and the Caribbean began.
Woodrow Wilson, a later president who was an even worse racist, began
his term by firing most black persons at high levels in the Federal
Bureaucracy. He invaded Mexico and Haiti on the pretext of spreading
better government and later sent American troops to Russia to topple the
Bolshevik government after the Russian Revolution. His crowning follies
and crimes were much worse. American banks had been loaning money to
both Britain and Germany during WW1. The British debt was ten times
greater and two billion dollars (current value 40 billion) and the
bankers who had financed the loans pressured Wilson. They needed Britain
to win so the debt could be collected. Wilson had campaigned on keeping
America out of the war but pressured by his rich cronies, he led America
to war to aid the British at the cost of 500,000 American casualties and
billions of dollars to save the wealth of his rich supporters. This
seems to be the modus operandi of other presidents to follow.
His second crowning folly was his egotistic grandeur during the post WW1
peace negotiations in Paris, where he strutted with his Fourteen Points
and his insulting neglect of the US senate that sank The League of
Nations due to non-ratification by the senate. Those toasting the
Indo-US nuclear treaty need to learn that there could be many a slip
betwixt the cup and the lip. He claimed that WW1 was the war to end all
wars to make the world safe for democracy. Of course that did not
include liberating the colonized Indians, Vietnamese, Cambodians,
Laotians, Kurds and most Africans. He allowed the vengeful Clemenceau of
France to impose a crushing burden of reparations on defeated Germany
that led to the hyperinflation of the Weimar Republic, resultant
ascendancy of Hitler and the even more devastating WW2 that the
farsighted John Maynard Keynes warned against.
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