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Travelogues
Isolated Continent - Primitive Continent
Then from 500 AD to 1200 AD, evidence is found of people living there who are known as the Anasazi ('our ancient people'). They were mainly hunter-gatherers who 800AD onwards supplemented their food with crops like squash (a kind of pumpkin) corn and beans. They were tough as they were living in these harsh climates almost naked. (Evidence, in a cave in Missouri, of shoes of Native Americans, made of ropes of yucca fibers dating as far back as 6000 BC and 1000 AD, has been found. It is amazing to see little advancement in the technology in the era straddling7000 years.). Around 1200 AD Anasazi abandoned the Grand Canyon probably because of severe changes in the climate. (Around the same period, some hundred kms northeast of the Grand Canyon, in the desert area of Colorado State, evidence of Cannibalism among Anasazi has been found, another indication of severe and sudden non -availability of food. This is despite the belief among the Natives that ' all things in nature have a soul, and that mankind must live in harmony with nature'. About 50 miles east of the Grand Canyon around Oraibi (at least since 1200 AD, the longest continuously inhabited village in North America) Hopi (the bear clan people) are living and they claim that Anasazi were their ancestors. Silver, Greed and Arizona The prospect of gold lured the first white men to this region. The conquistador Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, in 1540, explored and instead of gold, found it inhabited by hostile people living in mud houses (Pueblo). He then sent a party led by Garcia Lopez de Cardenas who came up to the eastern boundary of the Grand Canyon. The desert-like mountainous Grand Canyon didn't impress the gold prospector, the first European to see the Grand Canyon. In 1736, during Spanish era, a fantastic silver strike attracted thousands to a place known as Arizonac. It was said that one could find lumps of silver, which was not found, but the area got the name Arizona. It was in 1776 another Franciscan missionary Francisco Tomas Garces came upon "a deep passage…. Through it coursed a tawny stream"; he called it Rio Colorado-Red River. The river may not be red today because all the red silt and mud from its drainage gets trapped in the lake Powell created by Glen Canyon Dam. In 1821, Mexicans won their independence from Spain. In 1848 the US attacked and won Arizona. In 1857 an Army expedition led by Lt. Joseph Ives was launched to explore how far the river Colorado was navigable. From the mouth of the river in Gulf of California they came up to the Black Canyon, near the present site of Hoover Dam, 25 kms southeast of Las Vegas. Lt. Ives wisely declared this point as the head of navigation. He, however, continued overland into the heart of the Grand Canyon region. In his report he declared the area as "altogether valueless" and, " Ours has been the first, and will doubtless be the last, party of whites to visit this profitless locality. …(Grand Canyon would remain) forever unvisited and undisturbed." |
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The native Americans must have entered from northeast Asia into Alaska in North America around 20000 BC when the Bering Strait was frozen. Evidence of their presence by12,000 BC is found in Monte Verde, Chile, south of South America . And, as per evidence obtained, the natives had entered the Canyon only around 2000 BC. The interesting evidence consists of small figurines of animals crafted from twigs of willow or cottonwood. The split-twig figurines are 3 to 30 cms in height. Other evidence shows that these people were hunter-gatherers similar to the Archaic Group of Desert Culture of the area. The figurines are crafted with admirable economy, beauty and inventiveness in the use of available material. As some figurines have a twig piercing them, it appears that they had a ritualistic and magical purpose. This work can be compared to the crafts of the Indo-Harappan civilization of about 6000 BC which became a highly advanced urban, agricultural and industrial civilization by about 3500 BC.