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Society Younis Masih lives in constant fear at the Kot Lakhpat Jail in Lahore. He is accused under section 295(c) of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) for blasphemy against Prophet Muhammad (PBUH*). If convicted, Masih could face death penalty. But he is under threat of being killed in judicial custody even before the trial ends. His lawyer, Pervez Aslam Choudhry, has also been receiving anonymous phone calls threatening him for representing a blasphemy accused. "I made a verbal request to the court at the last hearing on April 14, 2006, to allow Masih's trial to be held in the jail as his life was not safe outside. I also informed the court about the death threats that my wife and I have been receiving since I took up this case," he says. Looking at past incidents at Kot Lakhpat and its notoriety, Choudhry has also requested the court to shift Masih to the Camp Jail in Lahore. The trial of a person facing charges under the Blasphemy laws augurs extreme danger for both accused and the counsel. Under Section 295(c), applying specifically to insults to Islam, the Prophet, his companions and family members, a person convicted faces the death penalty. The
dictatorship of General Zia-ul-Haq was marked by the tightening of the
Blasphemy laws, with new sections on religious offences being added to
the PPC. In 1980, 298(a) was inserted, making the use of derogatory
remarks against persons revered in Islam an offence. In 1982, Section
295(b) was added, expanding the maximum punishment for defiling the
Quran to life imprisonment. But it was the Federal Shariat Court - a
parallel legal body that reviews laws to ensure conformity to the
Islamic doctrine - which ruled in October 1990 that anyone convicted of
blasphemy under section 295(c) should face death penalty. Severely
criticized by minorities and human rights activists, it is believed the
Blasphemy laws serve no purpose other than to provoke discrimination. At
times, these laws are used for personal vendetta amongst various feuding
parties. Younis Masih, a Christian, is a victim of such vendetta, claims
his wife. On September 9, 2005, a huge gathering of people living in Amar Sadhu were listening to the weekly Thursday event of qawalis organized by Baba Chabba. "Baba Chabba is a well known person here. He has a huge following and is like a pir," explains Parveen. In the middle of the qawali, Younis got up to ask Baba Chabba if he knew who Punjtan Pak (the term denotes the Prophet's two grandchildren, his son-in-law and daughter Hazrat Fatima) were. "Baba Chabba and some of his followers became angry and a fight started," relates Parveen. The next evening an FIR was lodged against Younis Masih by Hafiz Abdul Aziz, Baba Chabba's friend, under Section 295(c). "Blasphemy laws are used against innocent people to settle disputes. Why would a Christian living in an Islamic state pass derogatory remarks about the Holy Prophet?" asks Choudhry. He says the case against his client was registered without basis and was a violation of Section 196 of the Criminal Procedure Code, which calls for a thorough investigation of a case by police before apprehending the accused. Statistics provided by the National Commission for Peace and Justice, an NGO, show that among the 280 blasphemy cases registered from 1987 to August 2004, at least 151 (54 per cent) were by Muslims against fellow Muslims, regardless of sect; 59 cases were registered against the Ahmadis (in 1974, the Ahmadis were declared non-Muslims by a constitutional amendment); 65 cases against Christians; and five cases against Hindus. In a majority of blasphemy cases under trial during 2004, both the accused and complainants were Muslims. In 2004, 14 cases registered under blasphemy were against Muslims, seven against Ahmadis and two against Christians. That said, once the cases are registered, the minorities have a much tougher time. And Kot Lakhpat Jail has a particularly bad record. Since 1992, six Christians accused of blasphemy have been killed in judicial custody at the jail. The first to fall victim to the jail authorities' prejudice was Tahir Iqbal, a 33-year-old Christian paraplegic. Unidentified assailants murdered him on July 20, 1992, when he was in judicial lock-up awaiting trial. The second was Naimat Ahmar, murdered on January 6, 1992. In the same year, Bantu Masih, 80, was stabbed by his accuser when the two men were in the police station for questioning. In April 1994, the assassination of Manzoor Masih, killed behind the Lahore High Court, left many wondering about the complicity of the police and their lack of action in cases of blasphemy. In May 2004, Javed Anjum, 18, was the fifth to die with the full knowledge of police. And the most recent case of a Christian killed in judicial custody is that of Samuel Masih, who also died in May 2004. "How can the
minorities expect fair treatment when the jail authorities are brutal
with every prisoner, even Muslims, and there is no one to question their
authority?" asks Saleem Sylvester, president of the Christian
Organization for Human Rights. The answer is as difficult as the
reformation of the infamous jail. Meanwhile, the Lahore High Court has rejected Younis Masih's bail application. The trial, though, will be conducted in jail, and the Shalimar police have been instructed to provide the defense counsel with protection.
(* PBUH - Peace Be Upon Him. June 3, 2006 By arrangement with Women's Feature Service The Week of June 4, 2006
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